marked out

templum, i, n. [prob. for temulum; root tem- of temnô; cf. temenos, a sacred enclosure; hence],

Lit., a space marked out; hence, in partic., in augury, an open place for observation, marked out by the augur with his staff:

templum dicitur locus manu auguris designatus in aëre, post quem factum ilico captantur auguria,

Serv. Verg. A. 1, 92:

dictum templum locus augurii aut auspicii causā quibusdam conceptis verbis finitus. Concipitur verbis non isdem usquequaquae. In Arce sic: templa tescaque me ita sunto quoad ego caste lingua nuncupavero. Olla veter arbor, quirquir est, quam me sentio dixisse, templum tescumque finito in sinistrum, etc.... In hoc templo faciundo arbores constitui fines apparet,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 sq. Müll.:

Palatium Romulus, Remus Aventinum ad inaugurandum templa capiunt,

Liv. 1, 6, 4.—

Transf., with the idea of openness, extent, or that of sanctity predominating.

An open, clear, broad space, a circuit (so rare and mostly poet.): unus erit, quem tu tolles in caerula caeli Templa, i. e. the space or circuit of the heavens, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Ann. v. 67); cf.:

nec mare nec tellus neque caeli lucida templa, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 1014; so,

caeli,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 42; Lucr. 1, 1064; 1, 1105; 2, 1039; 6, 286; 6, 644; 6, 1228; cf.

caelestia,

id. 6, 388; 6, 670: magna caelitum, Enn. ap. Varr. 7, § 6 Müll. (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnum Jovis altitonantis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 7 Müll. (Ann. v. 531 Vahl.): mundi magnum et vorsatile templum, the extent or circuit of the world, Lucr. 5, 1436; so,

mundi,

id. 5, 1205; 6, 43; cf.:

deus, cujus hoc templum est omne quod conspicis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15;

Somn. Scip. 3, 6: globus, quem in hoc templo medium vides, quae terra dicitur,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15.—Of the infernal regions: Acherusia templa alta Orci, salvete, infera, spaces, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 6 Müll. (Trag. v. 107 Vahl.); id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 21, 48.—Of the plain of the sea:

loca Neptunia templaque turbulenta,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 3; cf. id. Rud. 4, 2, 4.—Of the hollow space or chamber of the mouth:

umida linguaï circum sidentia templa,

Lucr. 4, 624.—

A consecrated or sacred place, a sanctuary (syn.: aedes, fanum).

In gen.:

(sacerdotes) urbem et agros et templa liberata et effata habento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21; cf.:

hinc effari templa dicuntur ab auguribus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 53 Müll.—Of the Rostra:

in Rostris, in illo inquam inaugurato templo ac loco,

Cic. Vatin. 10, 24; cf.:

rostraque id templum appellatum,

Liv. 8, 14, 12; Cic. Sest. 29, 62; Liv. 2, 56, 10; 3, 17, 1; 8, 35, 8 Drak.—Of the Curia:

templum ordini ab se aucto Curiam fecit,

Liv. 1, 30, 2; 26, 31, 11; 26, 33, 4.—Of a tribunal, Liv. 23, 10 Drak.; Flor. 2, 12, 11. —Of an asylum, Liv. 2, 1, 4.—

Trop., a sanctuary, shrine:

pectus templaque mentis,

Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

(curia) templum sanctitatis, amplitudinis, mentis, consilii publici,

Cic. Mil. 33, 90.—

In partic., a place dedicated to some particular deity, a fane, temple, shrine:

Herculis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:

Jovis,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 4:

Junonis Sospitae,

id. Div. 1, 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 1, 44, 99; Verg. A. 1, 446:

Virtutis,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21:

Vestae,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 16:

Minervae,

Verg. A. 6, 840:

antiqua deorum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 104:

donec templa refeceris,

id. C. 3, 6, 2:

testudo amica templis,

id. ib. 3, 11, 6:

templorum positor, templorum sancte repostor,

Ov. F. 2, 63.—Of the sepulchral monument of Sychaeus, to whom divine honors were paid, [p. 1851] Verg. A. 4, 457; cf. Sil. 1, 84.—

A small timber; in architecture, a purlin lying horizontally upon the rafters, Vitr. 4, 2 and 7; cf.:

templum significat et tignum, quod in aedificio transversum ponitur,

Fest. p. 367 Müll.

dē-nŏto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

Lit., to mark, set a mark on, with chalk, color, etc.:

pedes venalium creta,

Plin. 35, 17, 58, § 199:

lineam conspicuo colore,

Col. 3, 15.—

Transf.

To mark out, point out, specify, indicate, denote, designate (rare but class.—cf. demonstro):

qui uno nuntio atque una significatione litterarum civis Romanos necandos trucidandosque denotavit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

haud dubie Icilios denotante senatu,

Liv. 4, 55.—

To take note of, mark with the mind, observe accurately, denotantibus vobis ora ac metum singulorum, Tac. A. 3, 53:

cum denotandis hominum palloribus sufficeret vultus,

id. Agr. 45:

quot et quales sint nati,

id. 7, 9, 11:

cum ei res similes occurrant, quas non habeat denotatas,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 57; cf. Vell. 2, 70, 2.—

Trop., to stigmatize, scandalize, brand with reproach or infamy:

mollem et effeminatum omni probro,

Suet. Cal. 56 fin.:

turpia legata, quae denotandi legatarii gratia scribuntur,

Dig. 30, 54 init.:

qui gaudet iniquitate denotabitur,

Vulg. Sir. 19, 5 sq. —Hence, P. a., dēnŏtātus, marked out, conspicuous.—Comp.:

denotatior ad contumeliae morsum,

Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 19.

dē-scrībo, psi, ptum (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with discribo, q. v.), 3, v. a.

To copy off, transcribe any thing from an original (freq. in Cic.;

elsewh. rare): scripsit Balbus ad me, se a te (i. e. e tuo exemplo) quintum de Finibus librum descripsisse,

Cic. Att. 13, 21; cf. id. Ac. 2, 4, 11:

epistolam,

id. Att. 8, 9; id. Fam. 12, 17, 2;

12, 7, 22: legem,

Suet. Cal. 41; id. Dom. 20; so, to write down, write out:

carmina in foliis,

Verg. A. 3, 445;

in carved letters: in viridi cortice carmina,

id. E. 5, 14.— Class. and far more freq.,

To sketch off, to describe in painting, writing, etc.: delineare, definire.

Lit.:

non potuit pictor rectius describere ejus formam,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 22; so,

geometricas formas in harena,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17 fin.:

formas in pulvere,

Liv. 25, 31; cf. Cic. Fin. 5, 19; id. Clu. 32, 87; id. Sen. 14, 49:

sphaeram,

id. Rep. 1, 14; cf.

caelum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 7:

caeli meatus radio,

Verg. A. 6, 851; cf. id. E. 3, 41:

vitam votivā tabellā,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 33 et saep.—

Trop.

To represent, delineate, describe:

malos mores,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 165; cf.:

hominum sermones moresque,

Cic. Or. 40, 138:

definienda res erit verbis et breviter describenda,

id. Inv. 1, 8 fin:

qualem (mulierem) ego paulo ante descripsi,

id. Cael. 20, 50; id. Phil. 2, 44; id. Sull. 29 fin.:

me latronem ac sicarium,

id. Mil. 18, 47:

si quis erat dignus describi, quod malus ac fur, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 3:

malo carmine,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 154; Quint. 3, 4, 3:

vulnera Parthi,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:

lucum, aram Dianae, flumen Rhenum, pluvium arcum,

id. A. P. 18 et saep.:

praecepta,

id. S. 2, 3, 34:

facta versibus,

Nep. Att. 18, 6. —Rarely

with acc. and inf.:

nec qui descripsit corrumpi semina matrum,

Ov. Tr. 2, 415; Gell. 9, 1.— Part. subst.: dēscrip-ta, ōrum, n.:

recitari factorum dictorumque ejus descripta per dies jussit,

the diary, Tac. A. 6, 24.—

To mark off, define, divide, distribute into parts. (But whenever the notion of distribution or division is implied, the form discribo seems to have been used by class. writers; and is now restored where de-scr. is found in earlier edd., e.g. Cic. Rep. 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 71, 288; id. Sest. 30, 66 et saep.) Cf.:

libertinos in quatuor urbanas tribus,

Liv. 45, 15:

annum in duodecim menses,

Liv. 1, 19; Flor. 1, 2, 2. —Without in.:

commode omnes descripti, aetates, classes, equitatus,

Cic. Rep. 4, 2; and:

classes centuriasque et hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit,

Liv. 1, 42:

terram,

Vulg. Jos. 18, 6 al. et saep.—

Aliquid (alicui), to ascribe, apportion, appoint, assign to any one (cf. remark, no. 2 supra); cf.: vecturas frumenti finitimis civitatibus, * Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 4; Liv. 1, 32 al.:

officia,

to define, Cic. Ac. 2, 36; id. Fam. 12, 1:

vices (poetae),

Hor. A. P. 86:

munera pugnae,

Sil. 9, 267 et saep.—Hence, dēscrip-tus, a, um, P. a., qs. marked out, i. e. precisely ordered, properly arranged (ap. Cic.):

materies orationis omnibus locis descripta, instructa ornataque,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 145; cf.:

ordo verborum,

id. Or. 59, 200:

natura nihil est aptius, nihil descriptius,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 74.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: dēscrip-ta, orum, things recorded, writings, Tac. A. 6, 24.— Sup. does not occur.—

* Adv.: dē-scriptē, distinctly, precisely:

descripte et electe digerere, opp. confuse et permixte dispergere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49.

dē-scrībo, psi, ptum (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with discribo, q. v.), 3, v. a.

To copy off, transcribe any thing from an original (freq. in Cic.;

elsewh. rare): scripsit Balbus ad me, se a te (i. e. e tuo exemplo) quintum de Finibus librum descripsisse,

Cic. Att. 13, 21; cf. id. Ac. 2, 4, 11:

epistolam,

id. Att. 8, 9; id. Fam. 12, 17, 2;

12, 7, 22: legem,

Suet. Cal. 41; id. Dom. 20; so, to write down, write out:

carmina in foliis,

Verg. A. 3, 445;

in carved letters: in viridi cortice carmina,

id. E. 5, 14.— Class. and far more freq.,

To sketch off, to describe in painting, writing, etc.: delineare, definire.

Lit.:

non potuit pictor rectius describere ejus formam,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 22; so,

geometricas formas in harena,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17 fin.:

formas in pulvere,

Liv. 25, 31; cf. Cic. Fin. 5, 19; id. Clu. 32, 87; id. Sen. 14, 49:

sphaeram,

id. Rep. 1, 14; cf.

caelum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 7:

caeli meatus radio,

Verg. A. 6, 851; cf. id. E. 3, 41:

vitam votivā tabellā,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 33 et saep.—

Trop.

To represent, delineate, describe:

malos mores,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 165; cf.:

hominum sermones moresque,

Cic. Or. 40, 138:

definienda res erit verbis et breviter describenda,

id. Inv. 1, 8 fin:

qualem (mulierem) ego paulo ante descripsi,

id. Cael. 20, 50; id. Phil. 2, 44; id. Sull. 29 fin.:

me latronem ac sicarium,

id. Mil. 18, 47:

si quis erat dignus describi, quod malus ac fur, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 3:

malo carmine,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 154; Quint. 3, 4, 3:

vulnera Parthi,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:

lucum, aram Dianae, flumen Rhenum, pluvium arcum,

id. A. P. 18 et saep.:

praecepta,

id. S. 2, 3, 34:

facta versibus,

Nep. Att. 18, 6. —Rarely

with acc. and inf.:

nec qui descripsit corrumpi semina matrum,

Ov. Tr. 2, 415; Gell. 9, 1.— Part. subst.: dēscrip-ta, ōrum, n.:

recitari factorum dictorumque ejus descripta per dies jussit,

the diary, Tac. A. 6, 24.—

To mark off, define, divide, distribute into parts. (But whenever the notion of distribution or division is implied, the form discribo seems to have been used by class. writers; and is now restored where de-scr. is found in earlier edd., e.g. Cic. Rep. 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 71, 288; id. Sest. 30, 66 et saep.) Cf.:

libertinos in quatuor urbanas tribus,

Liv. 45, 15:

annum in duodecim menses,

Liv. 1, 19; Flor. 1, 2, 2. —Without in.:

commode omnes descripti, aetates, classes, equitatus,

Cic. Rep. 4, 2; and:

classes centuriasque et hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit,

Liv. 1, 42:

terram,

Vulg. Jos. 18, 6 al. et saep.—

Aliquid (alicui), to ascribe, apportion, appoint, assign to any one (cf. remark, no. 2 supra); cf.: vecturas frumenti finitimis civitatibus, * Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 4; Liv. 1, 32 al.:

officia,

to define, Cic. Ac. 2, 36; id. Fam. 12, 1:

vices (poetae),

Hor. A. P. 86:

munera pugnae,

Sil. 9, 267 et saep.—Hence, dēscrip-tus, a, um, P. a., qs. marked out, i. e. precisely ordered, properly arranged (ap. Cic.):

materies orationis omnibus locis descripta, instructa ornataque,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 145; cf.:

ordo verborum,

id. Or. 59, 200:

natura nihil est aptius, nihil descriptius,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 74.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: dēscrip-ta, orum, things recorded, writings, Tac. A. 6, 24.— Sup. does not occur.—

* Adv.: dē-scriptē, distinctly, precisely:

descripte et electe digerere, opp. confuse et permixte dispergere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49.

dē-scrībo, psi, ptum (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with discribo, q. v.), 3, v. a.

To copy off, transcribe any thing from an original (freq. in Cic.;

elsewh. rare): scripsit Balbus ad me, se a te (i. e. e tuo exemplo) quintum de Finibus librum descripsisse,

Cic. Att. 13, 21; cf. id. Ac. 2, 4, 11:

epistolam,

id. Att. 8, 9; id. Fam. 12, 17, 2;

12, 7, 22: legem,

Suet. Cal. 41; id. Dom. 20; so, to write down, write out:

carmina in foliis,

Verg. A. 3, 445;

in carved letters: in viridi cortice carmina,

id. E. 5, 14.— Class. and far more freq.,

To sketch off, to describe in painting, writing, etc.: delineare, definire.

Lit.:

non potuit pictor rectius describere ejus formam,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 22; so,

geometricas formas in harena,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17 fin.:

formas in pulvere,

Liv. 25, 31; cf. Cic. Fin. 5, 19; id. Clu. 32, 87; id. Sen. 14, 49:

sphaeram,

id. Rep. 1, 14; cf.

caelum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 7:

caeli meatus radio,

Verg. A. 6, 851; cf. id. E. 3, 41:

vitam votivā tabellā,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 33 et saep.—

Trop.

To represent, delineate, describe:

malos mores,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 165; cf.:

hominum sermones moresque,

Cic. Or. 40, 138:

definienda res erit verbis et breviter describenda,

id. Inv. 1, 8 fin:

qualem (mulierem) ego paulo ante descripsi,

id. Cael. 20, 50; id. Phil. 2, 44; id. Sull. 29 fin.:

me latronem ac sicarium,

id. Mil. 18, 47:

si quis erat dignus describi, quod malus ac fur, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 3:

malo carmine,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 154; Quint. 3, 4, 3:

vulnera Parthi,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:

lucum, aram Dianae, flumen Rhenum, pluvium arcum,

id. A. P. 18 et saep.:

praecepta,

id. S. 2, 3, 34:

facta versibus,

Nep. Att. 18, 6. —Rarely

with acc. and inf.:

nec qui descripsit corrumpi semina matrum,

Ov. Tr. 2, 415; Gell. 9, 1.— Part. subst.: dēscrip-ta, ōrum, n.:

recitari factorum dictorumque ejus descripta per dies jussit,

the diary, Tac. A. 6, 24.—

To mark off, define, divide, distribute into parts. (But whenever the notion of distribution or division is implied, the form discribo seems to have been used by class. writers; and is now restored where de-scr. is found in earlier edd., e.g. Cic. Rep. 2, 8; id. de Or. 2, 71, 288; id. Sest. 30, 66 et saep.) Cf.:

libertinos in quatuor urbanas tribus,

Liv. 45, 15:

annum in duodecim menses,

Liv. 1, 19; Flor. 1, 2, 2. —Without in.:

commode omnes descripti, aetates, classes, equitatus,

Cic. Rep. 4, 2; and:

classes centuriasque et hunc ordinem ex censu descripsit,

Liv. 1, 42:

terram,

Vulg. Jos. 18, 6 al. et saep.—

Aliquid (alicui), to ascribe, apportion, appoint, assign to any one (cf. remark, no. 2 supra); cf.: vecturas frumenti finitimis civitatibus, * Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 4; Liv. 1, 32 al.:

officia,

to define, Cic. Ac. 2, 36; id. Fam. 12, 1:

vices (poetae),

Hor. A. P. 86:

munera pugnae,

Sil. 9, 267 et saep.—Hence, dēscrip-tus, a, um, P. a., qs. marked out, i. e. precisely ordered, properly arranged (ap. Cic.):

materies orationis omnibus locis descripta, instructa ornataque,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 145; cf.:

ordo verborum,

id. Or. 59, 200:

natura nihil est aptius, nihil descriptius,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 74.— Neutr. plur. as subst.: dēscrip-ta, orum, things recorded, writings, Tac. A. 6, 24.— Sup. does not occur.—

* Adv.: dē-scriptē, distinctly, precisely:

descripte et electe digerere, opp. confuse et permixte dispergere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49.

fīnĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4, v. a. [finis], to limit, bound, enclose within boundaries (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

populi Romani imperium Rhenum finire,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 4:

quo (jugo) Cappadocia finitur ab Armenia, Auct. B. Alex. 35, 5: Tmolus Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis,

Ov. M. 11, 152; Vell. 2, 126, 3:

rem res finire videtur (followed by terminare),

Lucr. 1, 998:

riparum clausas margine finit aquas,

Ov. F. 2, 222:

signum animo,

Liv. 1, 18, 8:

in ore sita lingua est, finita dentibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—

In partic.: finiens orbis or circulus, the horizon: illi orbes, qui aspectum nostrum definiunt, qui a Graecis horizontes nominantur, a nobis finientes rectissime nominari possunt, Cic. Div. 2, 44, 92:

circulus,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 2.

Trop.

To set bounds to, restrain, check:

equidem illud ipsum non nimium probo, philosophum loqui de cupiditatibus finiendis: an potest cupiditas finiri?

Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27; cf.:

cupiditates satietate,

id. ib. 2, 20, 64:

deliberativas miror a quibusdam sola utilitate finitas,

Quint. 3, 8, 1.—

For definio, to prescribe, determine, fix, appoint, assign:

sepulcris novis finivit modum,

Cic. Leg, 2, 26, 66:

AD EAM REM RATIONE CVRSVS ANNVOS SACERDOTES FINIVNTO,

id. ib. 2, 8, 20:

spatia omnis temporis numero noctium,

Caes. B. G. 6, 18, 2; cf.: Hercyniae silvae latitudo novem dierum iter patet;

non enim aliter finiri potest,

i. e. its extent cannot be described more accurately, id. ib. 6, 25, 1; so too is to be explained the disputed passage: hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo solis et lunae motus inessent... in illa sphaera solida non potuisse finiri, this sort of (movable) celestial globe... could not be defined, marked out, on that solid globe (of Thales), Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

locum, in quo dimicaturi essent,

Liv. 42, 47, 5:

ut si finias equum, genus est animal, species mortale, etc.,

Quint. 7, 3, 3; cf.:

rhetorice finitur varie,

id. 2, 15, 1:

sit nobis orator is, qui a M. Catone finitur,

id. 12, 1, 1; 12, 3, 40.— Pass. impers.:

de pecunia finitur, Ne major causa ludorum consumeretur quam, etc.,

Liv. 40, 44, 10.—

To put an end to, to finish, terminate:

bellum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 3; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 8; Vell. 2, 17, 1:

prandia nigris moris,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 23: graves labores morte, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (transl. from Eurip. ponôn pepaumenon):

dolores morte,

id. Fin. 1, 15, 49:

tristitiam vitaeque labores molli mero,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 17:

labores,

id. ib. 3, 4, 39; id. S. 1, 1, 93:

dolores,

id. ib. 2, 3, 263:

studia,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 104:

amores,

id. C. 1, 19, 4:

sitim,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 146:

honores aequo animo,

Vell. 2, 33, 3:

vitam mihi ense,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 49:

vitam voluntariā morte, inediā, etc.,

Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66; 8, 42, 64, § 157;

so very rarely of a natural death: Valerianus in illo dedecore vitam finivit,

Lact. Mort. Pers. 5, 6; cf. Tac. A. 1, 9; Sen. Ep. 66, 43:

praecipitare te et finire,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 3, 3:

(Burrus) impedito meatu spiritum finiebat,

Tac. A. 14, 51:

animam,

Ov. M. 7, 591:

(distinctiones) interest sermonem finiant an sensum,

Quint. 11, 3, 37; cf.:

ut verbum acuto sono finiant,

to pronounce with the accent on the last syllable, id. 1, 5, 25.— Pass., to come to an end, close, be ended, terminate:

ut senten tiae verbis finiantur,

end, close with verbs, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191; cf.:

nec solum componentur verba ratione, sed etiam finientur,

id. Or. 49, 164:

Latinum (verbum), quod o et n litteris finiretur, non reperiebant,

Quint. 1, 5, 60; cf. id. 1, 6, 14.—

In partic. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose), to come to an end, to cease.

To finish speaking, draw to a close, end:

finierat Paean,

Ov. M. 1, 566; 13, 123; 14, 441; cf.:

finiturus eram, sed, etc.,

id. A. A. 1, 755:

ut semel finiam,

Quint. 1, 12, 6; 8, 3, 55; cf.:

denique, ut semel finiam,

id. 9, 4, 138: 5, 13, 3; 11, 3, 59.—

To come to one's end, to die:

sic fuit utilius finiri ipsi, Cic. poët. Tusc. 1, 48, 115: sic Tiberius finivit octavo et septuagesimo aetatis anno,

Tac. A. 6, 50 fin.; for which, in pass.:

qui morbo finiuntur,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 2:

Seleucus quoque iisdem ferme diebus finitur,

Just. 27, 3, 12; cf.:

finita Juliorum domo,

become extinct, Tac. H. 1, 16.—Hence, fīnītus, a, um, P. a. In rhetor., of words, that terminate properly, well-rounded, rhythmical:

et ipsi infracta et amputata loquuntur et eos vituperant, qui apta et finita pronuntiant,

Cic. Or. 51, 170.— Sup.:

finitissimus,

Prisc. 1076 P.— Adv.: fīnītē.

(Acc. to II. A.) To a certain extent, within limits:

avarus erit, sed finite,

Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27.—

(Acc. to II. B.) Definitely, specifically:

referri oportere ad senatum aut infinite de re publica, aut de singulis rebus finite,

Gell. 14, 7, 9.

fīnĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4, v. a. [finis], to limit, bound, enclose within boundaries (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

populi Romani imperium Rhenum finire,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 4:

quo (jugo) Cappadocia finitur ab Armenia, Auct. B. Alex. 35, 5: Tmolus Sardibus hinc, illinc parvis finitur Hypaepis,

Ov. M. 11, 152; Vell. 2, 126, 3:

rem res finire videtur (followed by terminare),

Lucr. 1, 998:

riparum clausas margine finit aquas,

Ov. F. 2, 222:

signum animo,

Liv. 1, 18, 8:

in ore sita lingua est, finita dentibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—

In partic.: finiens orbis or circulus, the horizon: illi orbes, qui aspectum nostrum definiunt, qui a Graecis horizontes nominantur, a nobis finientes rectissime nominari possunt, Cic. Div. 2, 44, 92:

circulus,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 2.

Trop.

To set bounds to, restrain, check:

equidem illud ipsum non nimium probo, philosophum loqui de cupiditatibus finiendis: an potest cupiditas finiri?

Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27; cf.:

cupiditates satietate,

id. ib. 2, 20, 64:

deliberativas miror a quibusdam sola utilitate finitas,

Quint. 3, 8, 1.—

For definio, to prescribe, determine, fix, appoint, assign:

sepulcris novis finivit modum,

Cic. Leg, 2, 26, 66:

AD EAM REM RATIONE CVRSVS ANNVOS SACERDOTES FINIVNTO,

id. ib. 2, 8, 20:

spatia omnis temporis numero noctium,

Caes. B. G. 6, 18, 2; cf.: Hercyniae silvae latitudo novem dierum iter patet;

non enim aliter finiri potest,

i. e. its extent cannot be described more accurately, id. ib. 6, 25, 1; so too is to be explained the disputed passage: hoc autem sphaerae genus, in quo solis et lunae motus inessent... in illa sphaera solida non potuisse finiri, this sort of (movable) celestial globe... could not be defined, marked out, on that solid globe (of Thales), Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

locum, in quo dimicaturi essent,

Liv. 42, 47, 5:

ut si finias equum, genus est animal, species mortale, etc.,

Quint. 7, 3, 3; cf.:

rhetorice finitur varie,

id. 2, 15, 1:

sit nobis orator is, qui a M. Catone finitur,

id. 12, 1, 1; 12, 3, 40.— Pass. impers.:

de pecunia finitur, Ne major causa ludorum consumeretur quam, etc.,

Liv. 40, 44, 10.—

To put an end to, to finish, terminate:

bellum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 3; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 8; Vell. 2, 17, 1:

prandia nigris moris,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 23: graves labores morte, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (transl. from Eurip. ponôn pepaumenon):

dolores morte,

id. Fin. 1, 15, 49:

tristitiam vitaeque labores molli mero,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 17:

labores,

id. ib. 3, 4, 39; id. S. 1, 1, 93:

dolores,

id. ib. 2, 3, 263:

studia,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 104:

amores,

id. C. 1, 19, 4:

sitim,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 146:

honores aequo animo,

Vell. 2, 33, 3:

vitam mihi ense,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 49:

vitam voluntariā morte, inediā, etc.,

Plin. 6, 19, 22, § 66; 8, 42, 64, § 157;

so very rarely of a natural death: Valerianus in illo dedecore vitam finivit,

Lact. Mort. Pers. 5, 6; cf. Tac. A. 1, 9; Sen. Ep. 66, 43:

praecipitare te et finire,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 3, 3:

(Burrus) impedito meatu spiritum finiebat,

Tac. A. 14, 51:

animam,

Ov. M. 7, 591:

(distinctiones) interest sermonem finiant an sensum,

Quint. 11, 3, 37; cf.:

ut verbum acuto sono finiant,

to pronounce with the accent on the last syllable, id. 1, 5, 25.— Pass., to come to an end, close, be ended, terminate:

ut senten tiae verbis finiantur,

end, close with verbs, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191; cf.:

nec solum componentur verba ratione, sed etiam finientur,

id. Or. 49, 164:

Latinum (verbum), quod o et n litteris finiretur, non reperiebant,

Quint. 1, 5, 60; cf. id. 1, 6, 14.—

In partic. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose), to come to an end, to cease.

To finish speaking, draw to a close, end:

finierat Paean,

Ov. M. 1, 566; 13, 123; 14, 441; cf.:

finiturus eram, sed, etc.,

id. A. A. 1, 755:

ut semel finiam,

Quint. 1, 12, 6; 8, 3, 55; cf.:

denique, ut semel finiam,

id. 9, 4, 138: 5, 13, 3; 11, 3, 59.—

To come to one's end, to die:

sic fuit utilius finiri ipsi, Cic. poët. Tusc. 1, 48, 115: sic Tiberius finivit octavo et septuagesimo aetatis anno,

Tac. A. 6, 50 fin.; for which, in pass.:

qui morbo finiuntur,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 2:

Seleucus quoque iisdem ferme diebus finitur,

Just. 27, 3, 12; cf.:

finita Juliorum domo,

become extinct, Tac. H. 1, 16.—Hence, fīnītus, a, um, P. a. In rhetor., of words, that terminate properly, well-rounded, rhythmical:

et ipsi infracta et amputata loquuntur et eos vituperant, qui apta et finita pronuntiant,

Cic. Or. 51, 170.— Sup.:

finitissimus,

Prisc. 1076 P.— Adv.: fīnītē.

(Acc. to II. A.) To a certain extent, within limits:

avarus erit, sed finite,

Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 27.—

(Acc. to II. B.) Definitely, specifically:

referri oportere ad senatum aut infinite de re publica, aut de singulis rebus finite,

Gell. 14, 7, 9.

ālĕa, ae, f. [of uncer. origin; Curtius asserts an obscure connection with the words for bone; Sanscr. asthi; Zend, açti; Gr. osteon; Lat. os (ossis)].

A game with dice, and in gen., a game of hazard or chance. There were among the Romans two kinds of dice, tesserae and tali, Cic. Sen. 16, 58. The tesserae had six sides, which were marked with I. II. III. IV. V. VI.; the tali were rounded on two sides, and marked only on the other four. Upon one side there was one point, unio, an ace, like the ace on cards, called canis; on the opp. side, six points called senio, six, sice; on the two other sides, three and four points, ternio and quaternio. In playing, four tali were used, but only three tesserae. They were put into a box made in the form of a tower, with a strait neck, and wider below than above, called fritillus, turris, turricula, etc. This box was shaken, and the dice were thrown upon the gaming-board. The highest or most fortunate throw, called Venus, jactus Venereus or basilicus, was, of the tesserae, three sixes, and of the tali when they all came out with different numbers. The worst or lowest throw, called jactus pessimus or damnosus, canis or canicula, was, of the tesserae, three aces, and of the tali when they were all the same. The other throws were valued acc. to the numbers. When one of the tali fell upon the end (in caput) it was said rectus cadere, or assistere, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54, and the throw was repeated. While throwing the dice, it was customary for a person to express his wishes, to repeat the name of his mistress, and the like. Games of chance were prohibited by the Lex Titia et Publicia et Cornelia (cf. Hor. C. 3, 24, 58), except in the month of December, during the Saturnalia, Mart. 4, 14, 7; 5, 85; 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71; Dig. 11, 5. The character of gamesters, aleatores or aleones, was held as infamous in the time of Cicero, cf. Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Phil. 2, 23, although there was much playing with aleae, and old men were esp. fond of this game, because it required little physical exertion, Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Suet. Aug. 71; Juv. 14, 4; cf.

Jahn,

Ov. Tr. 2, 471; Rupert. ad Tac. G. 24, 5:

provocat me in aleam, ut ego ludam,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 75.—Ludere aleā or aleam, also sometimes in aleā:

in foro aleā ludere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 23, 56; Dig. 11, 5, 1: ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70:

aleam studiosissime lusit,

Suet. Claud. 33; so id. Ner. 30; Juv. 8, 10:

repetitio ejus, quod in aleā lusum est,

Dig. 11, 5, 4.—Hence, in aleā aliquid perdere, Cic. Phil. 2, 13:

exercere aleam,

Tac. G. 24:

indulgere aleae,

Suet. Aug. 70:

oblectare se aleā,

id. Dom. 21:

prosperiore aleā uti,

to play fortunately, id. Calig. 41.— Trop.: Jacta alea esto, Let the die be cast! Let the game be ventured! the memorable exclamation of Cæsar when, at the Rubicon, after long hesitation, he finally decided to march to Rome, Suet. Caes. 32, ubi v. Casaub. and Ruhnk.—

Transf., any thing uncertain or contingent, an accident, chance, hazard, venture, risk:

alea domini vitae ac rei familiaris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4:

sequentes non aleam, sed rationem aliquam,

id. ib. 1, 18:

aleam inesse hostiis deligendis,

Cic. Div. 2, 15:

dare summam rerum in aleam,

to risk, Liv. 42, 59:

in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam ire,

fortune, chance, id. 1, 23:

alea belli,

id. 37, 36:

talibus admissis alea grandis inest,

Ov. A. A. 1, 376:

periculosae plenum opus aleae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 6: M. Tullius extra omnem ingenii aleam positus, raised above all doubt of his talents, Plin. praef. § 7: emere aleam, in the Pandects, to purchase any thing uncertain, contingent, e. g. a draught of fishes, Dig. 18, 1, 8; so ib. 18, 4, 7.

nŭmĕrus, i, m. [Gr. nemô, to distribute; cf.: numa, nemus, nummus], a number.

Lit.

In gen.:

illi octo cursus septem efficiunt distinctos intervallis sonos: qui numerus rerum omnium fere nodus est,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf. Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6:

duo hi numeri,

Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

consummare perfectissimum numerum, quem novem novies multiplicata componunt,

Sen. Ep. 58:

numerumque referri Jussit,

that their number should be counted, Verg. E. 6, 85; cf.: numerus argenteorum facilior usui est, the counting, reckoning. Tac. G. 5 fin.: sed neque quam multae species, nec nomina quae sint Est numerus;

neque enim numero conprendere refert,

cannot be counted, Verg. G. 2, 104:

eorumque nummorum vis et potestas non in numero erat, sed in pondere,

Gai. Inst. 1, 122.—

In partic.

A certain collective quantity, a body, number of persons or things: tunc deinceps proximi cujusque collegii... in sortem coicerentur, quoad is numerus effectus esset, quem ad numerum in provincias mitti oporteret, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 8:

haec in Aeduorum finibus recensebantur numerusque inibatur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76; Liv. 38, 22:

eum clavum, quia rarae per ea tempora litterae erant, notam numeri annorum fuisse ferunt,

Liv. 7, 3:

Pompilius ad pristinum numerum duo augures addidit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

haec enim sunt tria numero,

in number, altogether, id. de Or. 2, 28, 121:

classis mille numero navium,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48:

oppida sua omnia, numero ad duodecim, incendunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5:

ad duorum milium numero ex Pompeianis cecidisse reperiebamus,

id. B. C. 3, 53: reliqui omnes, numero quadraginta, interfecti, Sall [p. 1226] J. 53, 4; cf. id. ib. 93, 8:

cum magnus piratarum numerus deesset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72:

ad eorum numerum,

to the full number of them, id. ib. 2, 5, 28, § 73; id. Q. Fr. 2, 13; Caes. B. G. 5, 20:

si naves suum numerum haberent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133:

supra numerum,

superfluous, Suet. Ner. 15; id. Claud. 25:

magnus numerus frumenti,

a great quantity, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176; cf. id. Planc. 26, 64; Caes. B. C. 2, 18:

vini,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 66; so without an adj., like the Engl. number, for a great number:

est (in eādem provinciā) numerus civium Romanorum atque hominum honestissimorum,

id. Font. 5, 13 (1, 3):

plures numero tuti,

Tac. A. 14, 49 fin.:

sed illos Defendit numerus,

Juv. 2, 46; cf. Verg. E. 7, 52:

latet in numero virtus,

Sil. 1, 323.—

In plur.: numeri, the mathematics, astronomy:

ut a sacerdotibus barbaris numeros et caelestia acciperet,

Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 87:

Thales hoc etiam numeris inquirit et astris,

Sid. 15, 79:

numerisque sequentibus astra,

Stat. Th. 4, 411. —Rarely in sing., Claud. Cons. Mall. 130.—

In milit. lang., a division of the army, a troop, band (post-Aug.):

sparsi per provinciam numeri,

Tac. Agr. 18; cf.:

plena urbs exercitu insolito: multi ad hoc numeri e Germaniā ac Britanniā,

id. H. 1, 6:

nondum distributi in numeros erant,

Plin. Ep. 10, 29 (38), 2:

revocare ad officium numeros,

Suet. Vesp. 6:

militares numeri,

cohorts, Amm. 14, 7, 19:

in numeris esse,

to be enrolled, Dig. 29, 1, 43; cf. ib. 29, 1, 38; Claud. Epith. Pall. et Celer. 86; Inscr. Grut. 1096. —

Like the Gr. arithmos, a mere number, opp. to quality, worth:

nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,

we are mere numbers, ciphers, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27; cf. Juv. 2, 46 supra.—

In gram., a number (singular, plural, dual), Varr. L. L. 9, § 65 sq. Müll.; Quint. 1, 4, 27; 1, 5, 42; 47; 1, 6, 25 et saep. —

Transf., poet., dice (marked with numbers):

seu ludet numerosque manu jactabit eburnos,

Ov. A. A. 2, 203:

et modo tres jactet numeros,

id. ib. 3, 355; cf. Suet. Tib. 14, 2.—

Trop., number, rank, place, position, estimation, relation, class, category (cf.:

nomen, locus, in loco, in vicem): me adscribe talem (i. e. talium) in numerum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 13, 33:

in illo antiquorum hominum numero reponi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210:

in deorum numero haberi,

id. N. D. 3, 19, 48:

reponere,

id. ib. 3, 3, 21:

referre,

id. ib. 3, 1, 12:

numero beatorum aliquem eximere,

Hor. C, 2, 2, 18:

si quo in numero illud, quod per similitudinem affertur, et quo in loco illud, cujus causā affertur, haberi conveniat, ostendetur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:

ex hoc numero hunc esse,

id. Arch. 7, 16:

parentis numero alicui esse,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61 sq.:

in hostium numero habere aliquem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 28:

ducere in numero hostium,

id. ib. 6, 32:

hujus originis apud veteres numerus erat exilis,

Amm. 23, 6, 35: in numero esse, to be of the number of, to be reckoned among, to be any thing, Lucr. 5, 180:

Q. Aelius Tubero fuit illo tempore nullo in oratorum numero,

Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

sine actione summus orator esse in numero nullo potest,

id. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

quo sunt in numero Curiosolites, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 75, 4; 3, 7, 2; Nep. Att. 1, 4:

quo in numero ego sum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1; Caes. B. C. 2, 44, 3; 3, 53, 2:

qui in eo numero fuisset,

Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 25; id. Fl. 4, 9; id. Fam. 7, 6, 1:

quo in numero hi quoque fuerunt,

Liv. 39, 36 fin. — Without in:

ut civium numero simus,

Liv. 4, 4, 12; 7, 30, 19; 30, 42, 9; 4, 56, 11;

36, 35, 9: aliquem hostium numero habere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 6, 3; id. B. C. 3, 82, 3; id. B. G. 6, 21, 2:

qui hostium numero non sunt,

Cic. Phil. 13, 5, 11; id. Brut. 20, 78:

aliquo numero esse,

to be of some repute, id. Fam. 1, 10; Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 1; cf. Cic. Or. 62, 208; id. de Or. 3, 9, 33:

Bambalio quidam, homo nullo numero,

of no account, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

numerum aliquem obtinere,

id. Brut. 47, 175.—

A part of a whole, member, category:

omnes numeros virtutis continet,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 24:

varium et elegans omni fere numero poëma,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 9:

mundus perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris atque partibus,

id. N. D. 2, 13, 37:

animalia imperfecta suisque Trunca vident numeris,

Ov. M. 1, 427; 7, 126:

quid omnibus numeris praestantius?

Quint. 10, 1, 91:

liber numeris omnibus absolutus,

Plin. Ep. 9, 38; cf. of the days of the month: luna alternis mensibus XXX. implebit numeros, alternis vero detrahet singulos, Plin. 18, 32, 75, § 325.—Hence, omnium numerorum esse, to be complete, perfect, Petr. 68:

puer omnium numerūm,

id. ib. 63. And, on the contrary:

deesse numeris suis,

to be deficient, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 11.—

Order:

quaecumque in foliis descripsit carmina virgo, Digerit in numerum,

Verg. A. 3, 446.—

An office, duty, part:

ad numeros exige quidque suos,

Ov. R. Am. 372:

Veneri numeros eripere suos,

id. H. 4, 88; id. Am. 3, 7, 18; cf. id. ib. 3, 7, 26:

verae numeros modosque ediscere vitae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 143.—

Musical measure, time, rhythm, harmony, numbers:

in numerum exsultant,

Lucr. 2, 631:

in musicis numeri, et voces et modi, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187; Quint. 9, 4, 126:

histrio si paulum se movet extra numerum,

Cic. Par. 3, 2, 26; Quint. 12, 2, 12:

sit igitur hoc cognitum, in solutis etiam verbis inesse numeros,

Cic. Or. 56, 190:

Isocrates verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxit,

id. ib. 52, 174:

in solutā oratione... modum tamen et numerum quendam oportere servari,

id. Brut. 8, 32:

multum interest, utrum numerosa sit, id est similis numerorum, an plane e numeris constet oratio,

id. Or. 65, 220:

redigere omnes fere in quadrum numerumque sententias,

id. ib. 61, 208.—Hence, quamvis nil extra numerum fecisse modumque Curas, nothing out of measure, improper, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 59.—

A measure, number, in poetry:

nam cum sint numeri plures, iambum et trochaeum frequentem segregat ab oratore Aristoteles,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 182; id. Or. 64, 215:

numeris nectere verba,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 30; 4, 2, 5:

numeros memini, si verba tenerem,

i. e. the tune, Verg. E. 9, 45:

numerisque fertur Lege solutis,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 11.—

A verse, in gen. ( poet.):

arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam Edere,

i. e. verses in heroic metre, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 1:

impares,

i. e. elegiac verses, id. ib. 3, 1, 37.—Hence, nŭmĕrō (abl.), adverb., lit., measured according to number or time, i. e. precisely, exactly, just (only ante-class.; freq. in Plautus; not found in Ter. or Lucr.).

Just, precisely, at the right time, on the instant: numero mihi in mentem fuit. Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25: neminem vidi, qui numero sciret, quod scitu est opus, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 170 Müll.—

Quickly, rapidly, soon:

numero significat cito,

Non. 352, 16 sq.:

(apes) si quando displicatae sunt, cymbalis et plausibus numero reducunt in locum unum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 7. —With nimis: perfalsum et abs te creditum numero nimis, too quickly, too soon, Afran. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll.: numquam nimis numero quemquam vidi facere, quam facto est opus, Turp. ap. Non. 352, 20.—

In a bad sense, too quickly, too hastily, too soon:

Menaechme, numero huc advenis ad prandium: Nunc opsonatu redeo,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 13:

numero dicis,

id. Cas. 3, 5, 28; id. Mil. 5, 1, 6:

o Apella, o Zeuxis pictor, Cur numero estis mortui, hinc exemplum ut pingeretis?

why have you died too soon? id. Poen. 5, 4, 102; Afran. ap. Non. 352, 26; id. ap. Paul. ex Fest. l. l.